India’s Security Policy: Balancing Its Russia Dilemma with New Partnerships
by July 2023

Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and China’s President Xi Jinping during the G20 summit in Osaka, Japan, June 2019. Photo credit: REUTERS
Introduction: Recurring Pakistani And Growing Chinese Challenges
India faces disputed boundaries and territorial claims with both Pakistan and China. Though the direct threat from Pakistan has become less salient, the boundary dispute with China remains a massive problem. Furthermore at a time when the US and China are locked in a global competition, China’s assertiveness in projecting its authoritarian governing model in India’s neighborhood is a normative challenge to Indian democracy.
Former U.S. President Barack Obama, flanked by Vice President Joe Biden, delivers a statement on the Iran nuclear agreement in the East Room of the White House on July 14, 2015. Credit: Official White House Photo by Pete Souza.



