By Omri Ceren, TIP
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani declared in a speech over the weekend that “we will buy, sell and develop any weapons we need and we will not ask for permission or abide by any resolution for that,” despite the UN arms embargo in place on the Islamic Republic.
Iran has openly exported its weapons abroad, and in its latest sanction violation, the head of Iran’s expeditionary forces, U.S.-designated terrorist Qassem Suleimani, traveled to Russia, in defiance of his travel ban.Analysts have long warned that the sanctions relief as part of a final deal could embolden Iran to intensify its regional aggression and seek to further destabilize the Middle East, in part through the support of its proxy groups, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Michael Singh, former senior advisor for Middle East affairs at the National Security Council, wrote,
“Iran will have motivation to intensify its involvement in regional conflagrations and, thanks to the funds expected to flow in the wake of a nuclear accord, the financial wherewithal to do so.” Jonathan Schanzer, the Vice President for Research at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, wrote that “Hezbollah views the nuclear deal (like the rest of the region) as a sign that its patron Iran is a burgeoning regional power.” Iran could use its new cash flows to bolster the Assad regime, allowing Hezbollah to leave Syria and focus its aggression on Israel. He further explained that “Hezbollah is pointing 100,000 rockets south at Israel. These rockets, furnished almost entirely by Iran, are dispersed across Lebanon, with many launchers strategically placed in high-density population areas to ensure that Israeli reprisals will be met with charges of war crimes.”
Furthermore, Rep. Brendan F. Boyle (D-Pa.), who serves on the House Foreign Affairs Committee’s subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa, declared his opposition to the nuclear deal on Sunday largely due to his concern about what Iran would do with sanctions relief. He warned that with the infusion of cash Iran will provide more rockets to Hamas and Hezbollah that will be used against Israel. He explained, “With more cash for more rockets, these attacks will likely happen again, increasing the odds that Israel again will respond militarily. Only this time, the Israeli wars with Lebanon and Gaza will last longer, and there will be higher casualty numbers.” Boyle concluded, “The nuclear agreement with Iran doesn’t make war less likely. It makes war more likely.”
The nuclear agreement between Iran and the P5+1 powers, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), will provide Tehran with the means “to produce [enriched] uranium on an industrial scale” after fifteen years, according to an analysis of the deal published yesterday in The New York Times.
This would give Iran a breakout time close to zero, as President Barack Obamaacknowledged in April.The analysis also emphasized other shortcomings of the deal, including its erosion of American leverage over Iran, its failure to account for Iran’s past nuclear research, and its flawed inspections regime, which allows Iran at least 24 days before it’s required to grant inspectors access to suspicious sites.
In 15 years, when Iran has a more robust nuclear program and is less politically and economically isolated, Washington will have also lost a significant amount of the leverage it currently has over Tehran. According to the Times, President Barack Obama is trying to assure Congress “that he and his successors will create that leverage.” TheTimes cites experts who say Washington must warn Iran that any attempts to increase its stockpile of enriched uranium after the terms of the deal expire would be treated as a sign that Tehran has chosen to pursue a nuclear weapon, which “could trigger an American military strike.” Others have advocated providing Israel with the “bunker buster” bombs that could penetrate Iran’s hidden nuclear facilities, or sanctioning a long-term congressional “authorization to use military force” in case of an Iranian violation of the deal.
The Times further reported that Secretary of State John Kerry gave up on forcing Iran to come clean on its past nuclear activities in order to obtain a stronger inspections regime. Instead of demanding a full accounting of previous nuclear work, the deal now requires the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to “certify on Oct. 15 that Iran is complying with a “road map” for cooperation and report in December on the agency’s conclusions.” Many of the details of this arrangement remain secret. Behrouz Kamalvandi, the spokesman for the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), suggested that “harm” could befall IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano if he divulged details of the agreement.
The Associated Press (AP) published the text of a reported side agreement between Tehran and the IAEA last week, which revealed that Iran, rather than the IAEA, will be allowed to collect evidence for inspectors from the Parchin military base, where Tehran is suspected of having conducted research on detonators for nuclear weapons. Kerry, in a separate article in the Times, was quoted as saying that dropping the demand for a full accounting of Iran’s past nuclear work allowed the United States to secure an inspections regime of current and future nuclear sites that is “the most stringent in history.” However, experts believe that Iran’s failure to fully account for its nuclear work will mean that the United States will not have sufficient knowledge of the extent of Tehran’s illicit nuclear research, making any deal effectively unverifiable.
Kerry maintains that the United States has “perfect knowledge” of Iran’s past nuclear work. However, shortly after the JCPOA was announced, it was reported that despite a deal to rid his country of chemical weapons, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria had maintained a small stockpile. The CIA, according to The Times of Israel, “believed Syria’s account of its stockpile” of chemical weapons at the time the deal was initially made.
The final weakness addressed in the Times analysis is the 24 day advance notice Iran would have before it must grant international inspectors access to suspicious sites. TheTimes observed that, for a while, members of the administration insisted that Iran would have to agree to “anytime, anywhere” inspections. However, under the JCPOA, the process of gaining access to a suspected nuclear site includes a request by the IAEA and an Iranian response that could take up to 24 days. While the administration insists that any illicit activity would still be detectable at that point, the Times observed that “some experts say that Iran could cover up smaller-scale illicit activities” within that time frame. It is also possible that the prohibited activity may not be identifiable after 24 days, even if a trace remains. (via TheTower.org)
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